Disc brake
A disc brake is a type of brake that uses the calipers to squeeze pairs of pads against a disc to create friction. There are two basic types of brake pad friction mechanisms: abrasive friction and adherent friction. This action slows the rotation of a shaft, such as a vehicle axle, either to reduce its rotational speed or to hold it stationary. The energy of motion is converted into heat, which must be dissipated to the environment. Disc brakes are found in most automobiles and are more expensive to manufacture than a drum brake. Disc brakes are also found on some higher-end bicycles.
Read on Wikipedia